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Testing Every Teaching by the Whole Counsel of God

Geoff, your article raises concerns Christians should take seriously. We must be born again by the Holy Spirit (John 3:3-8). Salvation depends entirely upon God’s grace and cannot be earned through religious activity or good works (Ephesians 2:8-10; Titus 3:4-7). Satan twists Scripture, churches can become complacent, and false teaching must be confronted (Matthew 4:1-11; Revelation 3:14-22; 2 Peter 2:1-3).

Nevertheless, every Christian, including every writer, pastor, and teacher, must test personal conclusions against the context of each passage and the whole counsel of God (Acts 17:11; 2 Timothy 2:15).

The Gospel and Our Theological Systems

The gospel is the good news that Jesus Christ died for our sins, was buried, rose again, and grants eternal life to those who repent and believe (Mark 1:15; John 3:16; 1 Corinthians 15:1-4). Salvation is found in Christ alone and received by grace through faith, not earned by works (Acts 4:12; Ephesians 2:8-9).

Calvinism and Arminianism are theological systems that attempt to explain how God’s sovereignty, grace, election, regeneration, and human responsibility relate. Neither system should be confused with the gospel itself.

Both affirm that fallen humanity cannot come to Christ apart from God’s grace. They disagree about whether saving grace is limited to the elect, whether it can be resisted, whether regeneration precedes faith, and how election relates to foreknowledge. These are serious disagreements, but neither side should equate its preferred system with Christ or condemn everyone who disagrees.

Grace and Human Responsibility

Scripture affirms God’s sovereign initiative: no one comes to Christ unless the Father draws him (John 6:44). Yet Scripture also repeatedly calls people to respond:

“Repent and believe in the gospel” (Mark 1:15 NKJV).

“Believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, and you will be saved” (Acts 16:31 NKJV).

“Whoever calls on the name of the LORD shall be saved” (Romans 10:13 NKJV).

Jesus lamented over those who were unwilling to come (Matthew 23:37), and Stephen said people could “resist the Holy Spirit” (Acts 7:51). We should allow all these passages to speak: God is sovereign, grace is indispensable, and people remain accountable for responding to His truth.

Born Again and Taught by Christ

John 3 clearly teaches that we must be born of the Spirit, but it does not explicitly resolve whether regeneration logically precedes faith. John also repeatedly connects believing with receiving life (John 1:12-13; 3:16; 5:24; 20:31). We may defend our understanding without claiming that one passage settles every later theological debate.

Likewise, Matthew 23:8-10 does not teach that Christians need no human teachers. Christ condemned pride and religious self-exaltation, while elsewhere Scripture teaches that He gives pastors and teachers to equip His Church (Ephesians 4:11-16; 2 Timothy 2:2). The Holy Spirit is our ultimate Teacher, but He works through Scripture and faithful members of Christ’s body.

Complete Context Matters

Genesis 4:6-7 teaches Cain’s responsibility to resist sin, but it does not directly address whether regeneration precedes faith. Romans 7 describes the struggle with indwelling sin, but Paul’s argument continues into Romans 8: “There is therefore now no condemnation to those who are in Christ Jesus” (Romans 8:1 NKJV). Christians struggle against the flesh, but the Holy Spirit gives life and empowers holy living (Romans 8:5-14; Galatians 5:16-25).

Revelation 3:14-22 warns a wealthy, self-sufficient, lukewarm church to repent. It applies powerfully today, but it does not identify Arminianism, seminaries, or disagreement with monergism as the “head of the snake.” Those conclusions are not stated in the passage.

Defending Truth in Christ’s Manner

Calling theological opponents “children of the devil” is an extremely serious judgment. Jesus knew perfectly the hearts and intentions of those He confronted in John 8:39-47. We should not assume His divine authority to condemn people merely because they misunderstand salvation or disagree with our system.

Christ knows those who are His (2 Timothy 2:19). We may examine fruit, confront error, and call people to repentance, but final judgment belongs to the Lord (1 Corinthians 4:5; James 4:11–12).

Scripture commands us to correct opponents with gentleness and humility (2 Timothy 2:24-26), speak the truth in love (Ephesians 4:15), and defend our hope with meekness and respect (1 Peter 3:15). Sincerity and strong conviction do not prove that every interpretation is correct. Faithfulness requires both conviction and humility.

A Call to All of Us

The warning “Has God indeed said?” should lead each of us to examine our own interpretation, not merely confirm that everyone else is deceived.

The gospel belongs to Jesus Christ, not to Calvin, Arminius, a denomination, seminary, megachurch, or independent teacher. Let us proclaim that all have sinned, Christ died and rose again, salvation is by grace through faith, people must repent and believe, the Holy Spirit gives new life, and Jesus Christ alone is Lord and Savior.

Let us test every teaching by Scripture, including the teaching we most strongly prefer, and defend the truth while displaying the character of the One who is “the truth” (John 14:6). May we always be found “speaking the truth in love” (Ephesians 4:15 NKJV).

HEPHZIBAH יהוה ישוע Ἰησοῦς's avatar

Personal correspondence and city council records betray John Calvin’s extraordinary influence in Geneva. Although he was asked to leave in 1538 when he enforced his strict moral standards and pushed for the church’s independent power to excommunicate people, Genevan officials invited him to return in 1541 to resolve church divisions. Upon his return, the city council approved his Ecclesiastical Ordinances that included the establishment of the Consistory. The Consistory, a church court that oversaw the discipline of the citizens of Geneva, met every Thursday to review cases (This book is a chronicle of the Consistory’s records from 1542-1544.) John Calvin led the court. Although the Consistory did not have the power to imprison, exile, or kill those who were guilty, Calvin could still convince the city magistrates to wield such power when his theological opponents contradicted him.

When Jacques Gruet, a theologian with differing views, placed a letter in Calvin’s pulpit calling him a hypocrite, he was arrested, tortured for a month and beheaded on July 26, 1547. Gruet's own theological book was later found and burned along with his house while his wife was thrown out into the street to watch.

Michael Servetus, a Spaniard, physician, scientist and Bible scholar, suffered a worse fate. He was Calvin's longtime acquaintance who resisted the authority of the Roman Catholic Church.

However, he angered Calvin by returning a copy of Calvin's Institutes with critical comments in the margins. So what did Calvin do? You can read his resolution from a personal letter he wrote to a friend:

“Servetus offers to come hither, if it be agreeable to me. But I am unwilling to pledge my word for his safety, for if he shall come, I shall never permit him to depart alive, provided my authority be of any avail.” - Letter to Farel, 13 February 1546.

The next time Servetus attended Calvin's Sunday preaching service on a visit, Calvin had him arrested and charged with heresy. The 38 official charges included rejection of the Trinity and infant baptism.

The city magistrates condemned him to death. Calvin pleaded for Servetus to be beheaded instead of the more brutal method of burning at the stake, but to no avail. Some people see Calvin’s compassion in pursuing a more humane method of death, but ultimately he supported killing Servetus and all such heretics.

On October 27, 1553, green wood was used for the fire so Servetus would be slowly baked alive from the feet upward. For 30 minutes he screamed for mercy and prayed to Jesus as the fire worked its way up his body to burn the theology book strapped to his chest as a symbol of his heresy. Calvin summarized the execution this way:

“Servetus . . . suffered the penalty due to his heresies, but was it by my will? Certainly his arrogance destroyed him not less than his impiety. And what crime was it of mine if our Council, at my exhortation, indeed, but in conformity with the opinion of several Churches, took vengeance on his execrable blasphemies?” -

Calvin

How could such torture be condoned? In November 1552 the Geneva Council declared Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion to be a "holy doctrine which no man might speak against."

Disagreeing with Calvin’s view of God was a violation warranting the death penalty according to the way John Calvin interpreted Leviticus 24:16. The Geneva city council records describe one verdict where a man who publicly protested against John Calvin’s doctrine of predestination was flogged at all the city’s main intersections and then expelled (“The Minutes Book of the Geneva City Council, 1541-59,” translated by Stefan Zweig, Erasmus: The Right to Heresy). You did not get to disagree with Calvin in this town.

So we see that not fully operating in the very holy spirit of the living one true God and living and being led by the flesh and not in the very holy spirit, inclusive of holding on to bad ungodly interpretations can indeed wrongfully kill people.

John Calvin argued:

“Whoever shall now contend that it is unjust to put heretics and blasphemers to death, knowingly and willingly incur their guilt. It is not human authority that speaks, it is God who speaks and prescribes a perpetual rule for His Church.”

Most who only elevate certain theological interpretations against all the truths of Jesus and not in honouring the spirit, just the letter causes disappointment in an unbiblical god, anxiety about what he demands, or a false sense of security rooted in biased beliefs. But it also can kill. John Calvin justified murder with his bad Bible interpretations and holding on to them above exalting Jesus as the Living Christ as Lord. It isn't representative of his entire life or his contribution the what became the Protestant church, but we would be wise to learn from the mistakes he made.

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